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Old Testament · book 1

Genesis

What tradition claims
Moses
1450 BC1400 BC
Critical scholarship
950 BC450 BC

The gap

Claimed start: 1450 BCGap: 1,375 yearsEarliest MS: 50 BCtoday
Earliest manuscript: 4Q Genesis Fragments
Earliest complete copy
Claimed start: 1450 BCGap: 2,433 yearsEarliest MS: 1008today
Earliest manuscript: Leningrad Codex

Notes

Tradition (Talmud, Christian fathers) ascribes Genesis to Moses around the 15th century BCE. Critical scholarship since Wellhausen sees it as a composite (J/E/P sources) compiled and edited between the 10th and 5th centuries BCE. The earliest physical manuscript fragments come from Qumran (~150-50 BCE). The earliest complete copy is the Leningrad Codex (AD 1008) — a gap of roughly 2,400 years from claimed composition to earliest complete text.

All witnesses on file (1)